In this topic, the first discussion is what about Morse, Barrett, Mayan, Olson, and Spiers have to say about validity and reliability as essential quantitative concepts and then a new conclusion will be provided (Silverman, 2004). the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Confirmability refers to the degree to which the results could be confirmed or corroborated by others. Trustworthiness of qualitative research, most of the time is questioned by positivists reason being that validity and reliability is not addressed like how it is done in naturalistic work. Focus groups: asking questions and generating … Each of the research approaches involve using one or more data collection methods.These are some of the most common qualitative methods: Observations: recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes. Data trustworthiness has four key components: credibility, transferability, dependability, and … establishing reliability validity in qualitative research. In the audit, another researcher who is not connected to the study but has qualitative research experience examines the audit trail, including study findings and conclusions. Dependability refers to consisten-cy of the findings; it’s achieved through an external audit of the study. to design and incorporate methodological strategies to ensure the ‘trustworthiness’ of the findings. Qualitative research must be reflective, maintaining a sense of awareness and openness to the study and results. Trustworthiness is the truth value. Qualitative research allows a researcher to provide an interpretation of observed experiences and actions of individuals and groups in different contexts. Confirmability in Qualitative Research means the degree to which the outcomes could be confirmed or corroborated by other people. The researcher needs a self-critical attitude, taking into account how his or her preconceptions affect the research. In qualitative research, researchers look for dependability that the results will be subject to change and instability rather than looking for reliability. But of course, the results are erroneous because the data entered is faulty. Establishing validity and reliability in qualitative research can be less precise, though participant/member checks, peer evaluation (another researcher checks the researcher’s inferences based on the instrument (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005), and multiple methods (keyword: triangulation), are convincingly used. This section describes the qualitative methods to assess the rigour of the qualitative study. Research DIMENSION Rigor or Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research: Perspectives, Strategies, Reconceptualization, and Recommendations Brigitte S. Cypress, EdD, RN, CCRN Issues are still raised even now in the 21st century by the persistent concern with achieving rigor in qualitative research… Reliability is a concept that simply does not apply to qualitative social research. The concept of reliability broadly describes the extent to which results are reproducible, for example, from one test to another or between two judges of behavior [29]. Interviews: personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations. Each process in the study should be reported in detail to enable an external researcher to repeat the inquiry and achieve similar results. validity and reliability of research findings, qualitative researchers aim. 9. If, for some reason, you inadvertently input wrong data into the computer, output will still be produced. Qualitative research methods. This is measured by the standard of which the research is conducted, analysed and presented. In systems engineering, dependability is a measure of a system's availability, reliability, and its maintainability, and maintenance support performance, and, in some cases, other characteristics such as durability, safety and security. 2.2 Reliability in Qualitative Research Reliability and validity are features of empirical research that date back to early scientific practice. The criteria used to test rigor in the convention, scientific paradigm are well known. Methodological rigour. Reliability and validity should be taken into consideration by qualitative inquirers while designing a study, analyzing results, and judging the quality of the study, 30 but for too long, the criteria used for evaluating rigor are applied after a research is completed—a considerably wrong tactic. BMJ 2001;323:799–803. Qualitative research tends to assume that each researcher brings a unique perspective to the study. Nurse Res 2002;7:79–197. 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