Ray Stannard Baker Street Railroad Separation The very first time I was on a car in Atlanta, I saw the conductor - all conductors are white - ask a Negro woman to get up and take a seat farther back in order to make a place for a white man. They are moral and economic questions. These articles were eventually turned into the book, Following the Color Line (1908). A native of Michigan, he worked as a reporter for the Chicago Record from 1892 to 1897 and joined the staff of the innovative and popular McClure's magazine in 1898. Ray Stannard Baker came to Chicago, and with my references for a start and my idea for a title, wrote a stirring article, Capital and Labour Get Together. The newspaper reports are fond of describing lynching mobs as "made up of the foremost citizens of the town." There was in it a peculiar, intense, vital spirit if you will, that I have never felt before in any strike. He is the feudal lord who governs his retainers with open-handed liberality or crushes them to poverty as it suits his nearest purpose. If the white man sets an example of non-obedience to law, of non-enforcement of law, and an example of non-obedience to law, of non-enforcement of law, and of unequal justice, what can be expected of the Negro? ray stannard baker timeline. Powers has been more than ordinarily successful as a ward boss.
McClure's Magazine, January 1903, pp. The very first time I was on a car in Atlanta, I saw the conductor - all conductors are white - ask a Negro woman to get up and take a seat farther back in order to make a place for a white man. World's Work/August, 1902. But steel bars have never yet kept out a mob; it takes something a good deal stronger: human courage backed up by the consciousness of being right. I say it isn't fair.". Ray Stannard Baker, What is a Lynching?, McClure's Magazine ... human courage backed up by the consciousness of being right. The murder of Collis was not a horrible, soul-rending crime like that at Statesboro, Georgia; these men in the mob were not personal friends of the murdered man; it was a mob from the back rooms of the swarming saloons of Springfield; and it included also the sort of idle boys "who hang around cigar stores," as one observer told me. He teaches that if the Negro wins by real worth a strong economic position in the country, other rights and privileges will come to him naturally. It is noteworthy that he was born in the South, a slave, that he knew intimately the common struggling life of the people and the attitude of the white race toward them. Over the door of each car, I found the sign: "White people will seat from front of car toward the back and colored people from toward front". They dealt with each other as equals." And no book gives a deeper insight into the inner life of the Negro, his struggles and his aspirations, than, The Souls of Black Folk. They threw stones at him and broke his windows. Ray Stannard Baker published "The Right to Work" in McClure's Magazine in 1903, about coal mine conditions, a coal strike, and the situation of non-striking workers (or scabs). Latterly I believe Roosevelt did a disservice to the country in seizing upon a movement that ought to have been built up slowly and solidly from the bottom with much solid thought and experimentation, and hitching it to the cart of his own political ambitions. Nothing has been more remarkable in the recent history of the Negro than Washington's rise to influence as a leader, and the spread of his ideals of education and progress. But I did not believe then, and have never believed since, that these ills can be settled by partisan political methods. A criminal father is a poor preacher of homilies to a wayward son. From many unexpected quarters we hear every now and then a more generous What can be expected of officers who are not accustomed to enforce the law, or of a people not accustomed to obey it - or who make reservations and exceptions when they do enforce it or obey it? The soldiers did not stir that night from the safe and comfortable precincts of their armory. %%EOF
Among his constituents he appears in his kingly aspects of unlimited power and benevolence. American Chronicle: The Autobiography of Ray Stannard Baker New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1945 An American Pioneer in Science: The Life and Service of William James Beal,, with Jessie B Baker Amherst, Mass: Privately printed, 1925 The Boy's Book of Inventions: Stories of the Wonders of Modern Science New York: Doubleday, McClure, 1899 Baker went to work on an eight-volume history of Wilson's life that would be published from 1927 to 1939. Edison's Latest Model. At first it was an absurd, ineffectual crowd, made up largely of lawless boys of sixteen to twenty - a pronounced feature of every mob - with a wide fringe of more respectable citizens, their hands in their pockets and no convictions in their souls, looking on curiously, helplessly. This uncertainty is a fertile source of friction and bitterness. In this pioneering work in the study of race relations in the United States, Baker dealt with issues such as political leadership, Jim Crow laws, lynching and poverty. At first it was an absurd, ineffectual crowd, made up largely of lawless boys of sixteen to twenty - a pronounced feature of every mob - with a wide fringe of more respectable citizens, their hands in their pockets and no convictions in their souls, looking on curiously, helplessly... A sort of dry rot, a moral paralysis, seems to strike the administrators of law in a town like Springfield. This edition contains (as its title suggests), three landmark articles that were all published in Mc Clure's magazine in January 1903. Ray Stannard Baker was one of the original muckrakers who was closely associated with Ida M. Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens who all wrote for McClures' Magazine in the late 19th and The Shame of the Cities is a book written by American author Lincoln Steffens. Within two months the Nineteenth Ward was one of the cleanest in the city. This jail is said to be the strongest in Ohio, and having seen it, I can well believe that the report is true. They murdered the Negro in cold blood in the jail doorway; then they dragged him to the principal business street and hung him to a telegraph-pole, afterward riddling his lifeless body with revolver shots. Baker had a first hand experience by walking through the h�bbd``b`z$g�g ��$�+A�R�b �:� ���WH�2�8����� 2����\�?#�� ι,
Event (4) Events (5) Inspiration (4) New (4) News (5) Uncategorized (2) Recent posts. And, with the crowds of men both here and at the morgue where the body was publicly exhibited, came young boys in knickerbockers, and little girls and women by scores, horrified but curious. Windsor Magazine/November, 1902. HPG Australia announces winning design team on One Sydney Park. White to establish the radical American Magazine. Whenever I found a prosperous Negro enterprise, a thriving business place, a good home, there I was almost sure to find Booker T. Washington's picture over the fireplace or a little framed motto expressing his gospel of work and service. Show More Show All Finding... Find More. The Negro sees a man, white or black, commit murder and go free, over and over again in all these lynching counties. Ray Stannard Baker Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Many of the non-striking workers had no special training or knowledge in mining, since they were … Ida M. Tarbell ("The History of Standard Oil"), Lincoln Steffens ("The Shame of Minneapolis") and Ray Stannard Baker ("The Right to Work"), simultaneously published famous works in that single issue. The colour line is drawn, but neither race knows just where it is. PUBLIC opinion seems to be coming around to the view that the trades’ union is here to stay. At first everyone predicted that it would be impossible to hold these divergent people together, but aside from the skilled men, some of whom belonged to craft unions, comparatively few went back to the mills. There was a spirit of picnic and honeymoon about the enterprise; affections, loyalties, professional comradeship had never seemed quite so strong before and never would again. Baker argued: "In the beginning I thought, and still think, he did great good in giving support and encouragement to this movement. The articles, "The Oil War of 1872" by Ida M. Tarbell; "The Shame of Minneapolis" by Lincoln Steffens; and "The Right To Work" by Ray Stannard Baker are indeed rare to find collected in one volume. The Nineteenth Ward is fertile soil for growing a ward boss. The initials "G.I." They murdered the Negro in cold blood in the jail doorway; then they dragged him to the principal business street and hung him to a telegraph-pole, afterward riddling his lifeless body with revolver shots. The chief of police sent eighteen men to the jail but did not go near himself. This included an attack on some of Roosevelt's political allies and he responded with a speech where he compared the investigative journalist with the muckraker in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress: "the man who could look no way but downward with the muck-rake in his hands; who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth on the floor. Search. He has given them a working plan of life. The discrimination is not made openly, but a Negro who goes to such places is informed that there are no accommodations, or he is overlooked and otherwise slighted, so that he does not come again. They live huddled together in ill-smelling houses, and few of the older people, many of whom are day laborers, have any understanding of American institutions, or even of the English language. An appeal was made to the Mayor to order out the engine companies that water might be turned on the mob. It is intolerable. Generation also known as The Greatest Generation. The law! Your Email. When the sheriff made his speech to the mob, urging them to let the law take its course they jeered him. Ray Stannard Baker (1870–1946) was known as a leading muckraking journalist. They are capable of being herded and driven by any one who is strong enough to wield the rod. He impresses them with the primitive generosity which has turkeys to give away by thousands at Christmas time, which elevates a faithful follower to a position on the city pay-roll in a single day, or discharges him with equal ease. Dr. Du Bois has the temperament of the scholar and idealist - critical, sensitive, humorous, impatient, often covering its deep feeling with sarcasm and cynicism. Charles T. Hopkins, a leader in the Civic League and one of the prominent lawyers of the city, told me that he believed the Negroes should be given their definite seats in every car; he said that he personally made it a practice to stand up rather than to take any one of the four back seats, which he considered as belonging to the Negroes. A strong prejudice exists against renting flats and houses in many white neighbourhoods to coloured people. It is not short of amazing, the power of a great idea to weld men together. No woman will do it. One of the points in which I was especially interested was the Jim Crow regulations, that is, the system of separation of the races in street cars and railroad trains. Many highly educated Negroes, especially, in the North, dislike him and oppose him, but he has brought new hope and given new courage to the masses of his race. In May 1912 Baker covered the Lawrence Textile Strike: "It is not short of amazing, the power of a great idea to weld men together. He has a large intermixture of white blood. The Story of the Non-Striking Miners. Perhaps his most influential article was "The Right to Work" published in McClure's in 1903, which detailed the plight of coal miners including both strikers and scabs. Lincoln Steffens was furious with Roosevelt and the day after the speech told him: "Well, you have put an end to all these journalistic investigations that have made you." Someone shouted, referring to Dixon: "He'll only get fined for shooting in the city limits. Buildings have been named in honor of both Ray Stannard Baker and … However, its opponents accused the magazine of muckraking journalism. Ray Stannard Baker became both a leading muckraking journalist of the Progressive era and an acclaimed writer of nonfiction books and pastoral prose. Of these 2,080 were in the Southern states and 436 in the North; 1,678 were Negroes and 801 were white men; 2,465 were men and 51 were women. "Let's go hang Mower and Miller" - the two judges. He said he didn't like to; the hose might be cut! RAY STANNARD BAKER: Writings . But I did not believe then, and have never believed since, that these ills can be settled by partisan political methods. Baker himself was involved in exposing railroad and financial corruption. A sort of dry rot, a moral paralysis, seems to strike the administrators of law in a town like Springfield. And as a whole, the strike was conducted with little violence. The sheriff came out and made a weak speech in which he said he "didn't want to hurt anybody." The Right to Work . (3) Ray Stannard Baker, What is a Lynching?, McClure's Magazine (February, 1905) Well, on Monday afternoon the mob began to gather. h�b```�fvI``��0p����_h�"�"$/�X�P�@$T�WH��a���m���\�>+��`�h�h��`�h� �D0u4Xt� ���|@�`T�P�ś)�q"��+&>�hƃLF��9�Z�3 �f`����K�4���?��"n� �#:^
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<. Every argument on lynching in the South gets back sooner or later to the question of rape. Significantly, a similar point was made in the early days of the right-to-work phrase. In the sixteen years from 1984 to 1900 the number of persons lynched in the United States was 2,516. "What shall the Negro do about discrimination?" Johnny Powers has been the undisputed political boss for many years. So the mob came finally, and cracked the door of the jail with a railroad rail. Tags. Seen in Turkey. Latterly I believe Roosevelt did a disservice to the country in seizing upon a movement that ought to have been built up slowly and solidly from the bottom with much solid thought and experimentation, and hitching it to the cart of his own political ambitions. 0
Ray Stannard Baker and the Legacy and Future of Progressivism Draft 9/8/00.For a brief outline/summary see Synopsis.This essay is a working paper and intended to expand brief remarks to be presented at the Maple Leaf and Eagle Conference, Helsinki, Finland September 11-14,200.. Not to be quoted without permission of author at rbannis1@swarthmore.edu 239 0 obj
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Ray Stannard Baker was born in 1870s. %PDF-1.5
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Ask him about lynching for rape, and in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred he will instantly weaken. Well, on Monday afternoon the mob began to gather. The local militia company was called to its barracks, but the officer in charge hesitated, vacillated, doubted his authority, and objected finally because he had no ammunition except Krag-Jorgenson cartridges, which, if fired into a mob, would kill too many people! is military terminology referring to "Government Issue" or "General Issue". But steel bars have never yet kept out a mob; it takes something a good deal stronger: human courage backed up by the consciousness of being right. He thus short-circuited a fine and vigorous current of aroused public opinion into a futile partisan movement. This threat, indeed, was frequently repeated both on the night of the lynching and on the day following. The Right to Work. The Negro in Boston, as in other cities, is building up "quarters," which he occupies to the increasing exclusion of other classes of people. At last it fell to the women of Hull House to take the initiative. In no cases that I know of, either South or North, has a mob been made up of what may be called the best citizens; but the best citizens have often stood afar off "decrying the mob" - as a Springfield man told me piously - and letting it go on. In many cases, Baker allowed the non-striking miners to speak for themselves. by Ray Stannard Baker. Ray Stannard Baker is part of G.I. And no official in direct authority in Springfield that evening, apparently, had so much as an ounce of grit within him. Steffens later commented: "We were all to edit a writers' magazine." Ask any high-class citizen - the very highest - if he believes in lynching, and he will tell you roundly, "No". In 1908 Baker produced a series of five articles on the plight of the African Americans. But the mob wasn't through with its work. January, 1903 . Why should he fear to murder? Ray Stannard Baker was born in Michigan in 1870. All of these policemen undoubtedly sympathized with the mob in its efforts to get at the slayer of their brother officer; at least, they did nothing effective to prevent the lynching. The Right to Work: The Story of the Non-Striking Miners McClure's Magazine/January, 1903. Add comment. Other books written by Baker include Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement (1922), Adventures in Understanding (1925) and Adventures in Solitude (1931). In this pioneering work in the study of race relations in the United States, Baker dealt with issues such as political leadership, Jim Crow laws, lynching … And as a whole, the strike was conducted with little violence.". Lynching is the only remedy.". Measured by any standard, white or black, Washington must be regarded today as one of the great men of this country: and in the future he will be so honored. A native of Michigan, he worked as a reporter for the Chicago Record from 1892 to 1897 and joined the staff of the innovative and popular McClure's magazine in 1898. In 1906 Baker joined with Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell and William A. This turned out to be a very effective means of countering Big Labor’s efforts, already sadly common at that time, to dehumanize workers who disagreed with union officials. They gathered hooting around the jail, cowardly, at first, as all mobs are, but growing bolder as darkness came on and no move was made to check them. Baker wrote three autobiographies, Native American (1941), American Chronicle (1945) and Turtles (1943) Baker died of a heart attack in Amherst, Massachusetts, and is buried there in Wildwood Cemetery. His economic studies of the Negro made for the United States Government and for the Atlanta University conference (which he organised) are works of sound scholarship and furnish the student with the best single source of accurate information regarding the Negro at present obtainable in this country. This included persuading Congress to pass reforms such as the Pure Food and Drugs Act (1906) and the Federal Meat Inspection Act (1906). Jamie Brower Dr. Krulikowski US History II 29 September 2017 Historical Source: Ray Stannard Baker, Right to Work This first hand story, written by Ray Stannard Baker, focuses and has an inside look on the lives of the coal miners who did not participate in the strikes throughout the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression. He thus short-circuited a fine and vigorous current of aroused public opinion into a futile partisan movement.". Envato Premium Structure. "We pay first-class fare," said one of the leading Negroes in Atlanta, "exactly as the white man does, but we don't get first-class service. his answer was the exact reverse of Washington's: it was the voice of Massachusetts: "Do not submit! There was in it a peculiar, intense, vital spirit if you will, that I have never felt before in any strike. Baker, Ray Stannard (1870-1946) Ray Stannard Baker became both a leading muckraking journalist of the Progressive era and an acclaimed writer of nonfiction books and pastoral prose. Men made jokes: "A dead ****** is a good ******." BOOKS (alphabetical). endstream
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This very absence of a clear demarcation is significant of many relationships in the South. agitate, object, fight.". Miss Addams herself applied for the position of garbage inspector, and, to the astonishment of Johnny Powers and his retainers, received the appointment. Ray Stannard Baker In 1908 Baker produced a series of five articles on the plight of the African Americans. Ray Stannard Baker died on 12th July 1946. ... by Ray Stannard Baker. But for now, the victory for "right to work" laws in Michigan suggests that labor unions are losing the war of words and images. Century / March, 1903. He joined McClure's Magazine, where he worked with Lincoln Steffens and Ira Tarbell in the kind of investigative journalism that became known as muckraking. Its population consists of Italians, Polish and Russian Jews, Irish of the poorest class, and the offscourings of a dozen other nationalities. Indeed, it can hardly be definitely drawn in many relationships, because it is constantly changing. Mob justice administered. The intense public interest aroused by articles critical of political corruption, industrial monopolies , and fraudulent business practices rallied journalists, novelists, and reformers of all … Categories. As the sign indicates, there is no definite line of division between the white seats and the black seats, as in many other Southern cities. It soon established itself as one of America's leading investigative magazines. You ask him why the law cannot be depended upon, and he replies: "It is too great an ordeal for the self-respecting white woman to go into court and accuse the Negro ravisher and withstand a public cross-examination. ", Investigative journalists like Baker objected to being described as muckrakers. Lynching, he says, is absolutely necessary to keep down this crime. McClure’s Magazine . As a muckraker, he reported on social and economic problems from a liberal perspective. I have also seen white men requested to leave the Negro section of the car. 223 0 obj
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The Great Northwest. Dr. Du Bois was born in Massachusetts of a family that had no history that had no history of Southern slavery. He is cool-headed, cunning, and wholly unscrupulous, and yet he possesses the effective gift known, for lack of a better name, as "good-fellowship" or good-heartedness". Ray Stannard Baker’s work "The Right to Work", published in McClure's Magazine in 1903 highlighted the coal mine conditions, a coal strike, and the situation of non-striking workers (or scabs).Baker’s investigative work described the dangerous conditions in which these people worked in the mines and the dangers they had been facing from union members who didn’t want them to work. February 2, 2021. In the beginning I thought, and still think, he did great good in giving support and encouragement to this movement. And the purblind, dollars-and-cents man, most despicable of all, was congratulating the public: Significant lessons, these, for the young! While I had been reporting political corruption, Ray Stannard Baker had been describing the corruption of labor unions by contractors in the building business, and Miss Ida M. Tarbell had been writing the history of the Standard Oil Company. When, in the past, had the law taken its proper course in dark County? Ray Stannard Baker Collection . So the mob came finally, and cracked the door of the jail with a railroad rail. A mob is the method by which good citizens turn over the law and the government to the criminal or irresponsible classes. They murdered the Negro in cold blood in the jail doorway; then they dragged him to the principal business street and hung him to a telegraph-pole, afterward riddling his lifeless body with revolver shots.". Printed together for the first time since their original publication in 1903, Ray Stannard Baker’s piece on the coal strike, "The Right to Work"; Lincoln Steffens’ exposé of political corruption, "The Shame of Minneapolis"; and Ida Tarbell’s story of corporate villainy, "The Oil War of 1872"; along with an editorial from S. S. McClure and the narrative of Ellen Fitzpatrick, invite students to explore and understand … ", "He'll get ten days in jail and suspended sentence.". At first everyone predicted that it would be impossible to hold these divergent people together, but aside from the skilled men, some of whom belonged to craft unions, comparatively few went back to the mills. A few years ago no hotel or restaurant in Boston refused Negro guests; now several hotels, restaurants, and especially confectionary stores, will not serve Negroes, even the best of them. President Theodore Roosevelt was seen to be on the side of these investigative journalists until David Graham Phillips began a series of articles in Cosmopolitan entitled The Treason in the Senate. Easy people imagine that, having hanged a Negro, the mob goes quietly about its business; but that is never the way of the mob. He should get his rights, not by gift of the white man, but by earning them himself. This is a review of Ray Stannard Baker's autobiography: American Chronicle. 323-335 . The streets and alleys of the ward were notoriously filthy, and the contractors habitually neglected them, not failing, however, to draw their regular payments from the city treasury. They came even with baby carriages! That was the end of that. These non-striking workers were often untrained yet had to work in the dangerous conditions of the mines while fending off attacks from … Broadly educated at Harvard and in the universities of Germany, he is today one of the most able sociologists of this country. Email This Page to Someone. His head was shockingly crooked to one side, his ragged clothing, cut for souvenirs, exposed in places his bare body: he dripped blood. The last two volumes were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1940. Your Name. 253 0 obj
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But one person who used it was a guy named Ray Stannard Baker, the famous American journalist. Ray Stannard Baker Explore more quotes The very first time I was on a car in Atlanta, I saw the conductor - all conductors are white - ask a Negro woman to get up and take a seat farther back in order to make a place for a white man. Once released, the spirit of anarchy spreads and spreads, not subsiding until it has accomplished its full measure of evil. Sure enough, I found the white people in front and the Negroes behind. This generation experienced much of their youth during the Great Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the telephone. Steffens's biographer, Justin Kaplan, the author of Lincoln Steffens: A Biography (1974), has argued: "That summer he and his partners celebrated their freedom from McClure's house of bondage, as they now saw it. Peter Cooper Hewitt: Inventor. In February 1905 he wrote an article on lynching for the McClure's Magazine: "On Monday afternoon the mob began to gather. I was curious to see how the system worked out in Atlanta. In 1897, Baker began working as an investigative reporter for McClure's Magazine. They felt betrayed as they felt they had helped President Theodore Roosevelt to get elected. From 1899 to1905, he was an associate editor of McClure’s, and from 1906 to1915 he coedited American Magazine. They are moral and economic questions. He was a progressive but he thought of the union movement as kind of … This jail is said to be the strongest in Ohio, and having seen it, I can well believe that the report is true. Subscribe to our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles. And, besides, the courts are uncertain. The central idea of his doctrine is work. And there the Negro hung until daylight the next morning - an unspeakably grisly, dangling horror, advertising the shame of the town. who did ray stannard baker expose . Outlook/October, 1902. President Theodore Roosevelt responded to investigative journalism by initiating legislation that would help tackle some of the problems illustrated by these journalist. Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia - the black belt states - are thus seen to have the worst records. Mcclure's Magazine/January, 1903. The Story of the Non-Striking Miners . And is there a higher test of usefulness? The Non-Striking Miners to speak for themselves definitely drawn in many relationships, it! Fertile soil for growing a Ward boss with open-handed liberality or crushes them to poverty as suits... Law in a town like Springfield to wield the rod to stay a railroad rail of muckraking journalism for. Not subsiding until it has accomplished its full measure of evil a writers Magazine... 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