marsh – marshes. 53 full bare acts + 100 notes on 100 important topics + 300 short Q&A + 121 legal maxims + list of important sections of 10 essential bare acts + explanation of 7 important recent amendments. Sometimes, however, it may be so expressed that it means only one, as, if a man were to devise to another all he was worth, if he, the testator, died without children, and he died leaving one child, the devise would not take effect. or Mss. Plural Possessives. You can use the plural staffs to refer to more than one body of staff. Glamor or Glamour – What’s the Difference? Cambridge English: Key is a basic-level qualification. Female with short dark hair: Well, a plural's more than one, so sometimes if you're writing it, you just need to add an S on the end. Fortunately, scholars produce legal writing guides to help new legal writers know where to begin and help advanced legal writers polish their work. (pronounced mayDAM).For the plural of the abbreviation Ms.,either Mses. Indexes is the non-technical plural form of index, which is a noun that means an alphabetical list or, more broadly, an indicator. To make plural nouns that do not end in s possessive, add ’s. The detailed index lists all the historical characters referred to in the book. Indices only functions as a noun. However, in more specific contexts, the plural form can also be legals e.g. Know More Buy Online Buy via WA. (printing) A symbolresembling a poin… It's a general index to the whole work. This unique book examines the role non-doctrinal research methods play in international legal research: what do they add to the traditional doctrinal analysis of law and what do they neglect? (both pronounced MIZZes) can be used.. With a long list of names, it is better to use the plural … If you’re talking about several of the sort in books, for example, that’s the right one to use. But the rules are pretty clear on this issue. The legal writing process is not “one size fits all” and “people need to find the one that fits them best," David Howard Spratt, professor of legal rhetoric at American University Washington College of Law, said in the recent “Landslide Webinar Series: Take Your Legal Writing from Good to … The Index from A Collection of Practical Forms in Suits at Law, by Charles Humphrey (1845). Check your text and writing for style, spelling and grammar problems everywhere on the web! house – houses. After all, most communication takes place in reports, emails, and instant messages. Regular and irregular plurals of nouns. Incidence – What’s the Difference? The plural morphological suffix for English nouns ending in -o is either -s or -es, which is added to the end of the singular form, depending on the specific noun. "Indices" and "indexes" can refer to systems for recording changes and comparing values, usually in the financial domain. Since my indexes are that sort — a list of pointers to show where relevant content may be found — that’s the right spelling. Index definition, (in a nonfiction book, monograph, etc.) The above charts tell a somewhat mixed story. However, in more specific contexts, the plural form can also be writings e.g. Check every plural noun and make sure that it’s really necessary. I/we index: first person singular and plural present; You index: second person singular and plural present; He/she/it indexes: third person singular present; They index: third person plural present; Indexing: present participle; Indexed: simple past; When to Use Indices. I offer, set before 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.263: ἱππεῦσιν μ� Plural and possessive forms of English words often confuse beginning writers. Used really only in written communication, the prefix Messrs., from messieurs, is usually reserved for legal communication, business communication, or other related written memoranda. Share this activity. This version more closely approximates the original Latin … Use of (s) might be necessary in legal documents, which have to be very precise and cover all the possible meanings. The indexes at the back of my psychology textbooks are filled with the names of dead practitioners. Grammar.com. But the occasional plural nouns that don’t end in s need ‘s to form the possessive: The children’s center opens at 9 a.m. Both of these forms are accepted plural forms for this word. –. If the singular form of the noun ends with an o preceded by another vowel or vowel sound, then the plural morphological suffix is -s . STANDS4 LLC, 2021. Law Journal Writing; Case Documents; EXAMPLES – CITATIONS OF ... Electronic Resources; Judicial Opinions; Constitutions & Statutes; Agency & Exec. 2. Often, there is no hard and fast rule, so writers must rely on context to determine the best word to use. The usual plural is indexes, which first appeared in the seventeenth century. Of the three formulations presented below, the first most clearly and concisely indicates a plural possessive. For names that end in ch, s, sh, x, and z, add -es to make them plural. The Classics were core to the curriculum and ethos of the intensely homosocial Victorian and Edwardian public schools. What does indices mean? In some mathematical contexts, indices is the preferred form. 2 is the index in the expression 62. In formal writing settings not related to mathematics, though, indexes is probably the better choice. Related Posts. Web. Practise plural endings. In essence, it teaches straight thinking--a skill inseparable from good writing. bus – buses. https://www.grammar.com/indices_vs._indexes. However, before diving into the plural, it is important to define the word mister. Should you use a singular or plural pronoun when referring to an entity? Charlie Rapple on May 14, 2008 9:45 am. This version more closely approximates the original Latin form. PLURAL. It is common in many mathematical and technical contexts. –, I/we index: first person singular and plural present, You index: second person singular and plural present, He/she/it indexes: third person singular present, David Blitzer, managing director and chairman of the index committee at S&P Dow Jones Indices, said the low stock of existing homes for sale — currently about 3.8 months worth of supply at current sales rates — is bolstering the price increases across the board. If a plural noun ends in an "s," it is preferable to use only an apostrophe -- and not an additional "s" -- to create the possessive. To form the plural for words of foreign origin ending in -ix or -ex, change -ix or -ex to -ices for formal usage. In Latin, the plural form of the word is indices. 2 If the singular noun ends in ‑s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add ‑es to the end to make it plural.. truss – trusses. In Legal Writing in Plain English, Bryan Garner provides legal professionals sound advice and practical tools for improving their written work. It is unclear which word is more popular overall, but indexes seems to be more common in everyday English. Facebook; Twitter; How difficult was this activity? The noun writing can be countable or uncountable.. It teaches legal writers how to organize ideas, create and refine prose, and improve editing skills. This usage is incorrect; index is the proper singular form of both indices and indexes. For most names, add an -s to make them plural. Sometimes, simply adding -es may be acceptable, particularly in casual contexts. I will also provide a mnemonic device that will allow us to differentiate indexes vs. indices. The index only gives the main towns. ‘Precision and vitality of thought are often at odds in works of legal philosophy. Many books include indexes of commonly used terms, and the S&P 500 is an indicator of the overall performance of U.S. stocks. An index ( plural: usually indexes, more rarely indices; see below) is a list of words or phrases ('headings') and associated pointers ('locators') to where useful material relating to that heading can be found in a document or collection of documents.Examples are an index in the back matter of a book and an index that serves as a library catalog.. An alphabetical listing of items and their location. Since indices is generally used in technical or formal contexts, it would make sense that it is used less frequently in everyday English than indexes. ). 6. Too easy . Since the singular form is index, you can easily link the singular and plural forms of this noun to remember which version to use. Who is responsible is much less obvious. All of those s’s can be a little overwhelming. Black's law dictionary. Prove your English skills . 4. Home » Indexes or Indices – What’s the Difference? In more general, commonly used, contexts, the plural form will also be legal.. Thanks for your vote! Messrs., Mmes., Mses., Mss. *There is an exception to this rule: If your last name ends in ch but is pronounced with a hard /k/ sound, like the word monarch, add only an -s rather than -es. index (plural indexes or indices) 1. It was open on the index page. It eliminates any confusion between it and the verb indexes. LAW MCQ TESTS: ₹750. William C. Burton. 4 plural usually indices: a number or symbol or expression (such as an exponent) associated with another to indicate a mathematical operation to be performed or to indicate use or position in an arrangement 3 is the index of the expression {latex}\sqrt[3]{5}{/latex} to indicate the cube root of 5 Further reading: Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage 685 (3d ed. A term used in grammar, which signifies more than one. 3. Plural of the nouns: regular and irregular plurals in English Online writing blog, Resources, Writing resources. It is a fully accepted variant, and, indeed, it enjoys an advantage in overall usage in published English. Learn more. Traditional ones such as the S&P 500 are collections of securities weighted by market value, and index funds mimic them as a low-cost way to deliver the market’s performance. A Index is one of those rare oddball words with two different plurals in English. The passive voice makes sentences longer and roundabout. The index finger; the forefinger. Other ways we use “it” in a sentence with no plural form include an “empty” or “dummy” subject and object, in cleft sentences, or as the anticipatory “it” . Some nouns do not have plural forms, and these are usually nouns that come in groups or those that are abstract. For those writers adhering to AP Style, you should use this spelling and this spelling alone, as AP prefers indexes over indices. Making plural words possessive can be confusing at times because we so often add an s to a noun to make it plural. I bury. Indexes is also a present tense verb, but indices cannot be used that way. a more or less detailed alphabetical listing of names, places, and topics along with the numbers of the pages on which they are mentioned or discussed, usually included in or constituting the back matter. I would argue that it isn't simple enough, and using the plural is more effective. English copied the original Latin plural at first, making indices. Here are a few more ways to conjugate this verb. writings: translation. My retirement account is built from ETFs that track major stock and bond market indexes. I forbid my students from using it, but professionals all around me continue to use it as do my students. Check your tone in emails Online writing blog, Resources, Writing resources. Hi Maeve, What a timely posting – I was just grappling with some of these issues recently, particularly the forum/fora issue that Bree raises. Material; Arbitrations; Court Rules; Books; Law Journal Writing; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS USED IN CITATIONS. But when you zoom in to the phrase book indexes/book indices, indexes comes out ahead. HENRY CAMPBELL BLACK, M. A.. 1990. writing; writing obligatory; Look at other dictionaries: writings — index correspondence (communication by letters) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. Although that rule is usually simple enough, it becomes a little tricky when the antecedent is a collective noun — a word that is singular in form but denotes a group of people or things (company, committee, board, faculty, couple, team, etc. 1 To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.. cat – cats. What does indices mean? We truly appreciate your support. Addressing people with a plural prefix is usually reserved for written communication, but it can also take place verbally. Its reputation for obscurity and needless legalese is widespread. 2006 … Law dictionary. This article will shed some light on these confusing terms. lunch – lunches. English nouns are inflected for grammatical number, meaning that if they are of the countable type, they generally have different forms for singular and plural.This article discusses the variety of ways in which English plural nouns are formed from the corresponding singular forms, as well as various issues concerning the usage of singulars and plurals in English. In more general, commonly used, contexts, the plural form will also be writing.. writings. Instillation or Installation – What’s the Difference? It’s now more important than ever to develop a powerful writing style. blitz – blitzes. Indices is a more technical version of the same plural noun. There are two main meanings of index (plural indices):: One meaning is power or exponent. Both of these indexes predate the index to Alexander Cruden's Concordance (1737), which is erroneously held to be the earliest index found in an English book. This occurs when you want the plural form of a single letter or of a word referred to as the word itself, as in the following examples: 6 Jan. 2021. Yet ancient homosexuality and erotic pedagogy were problematic to the educational establishment, which expurgated classical texts with sexual content. Let style and flow be your guide with these two words. You’ll enhance the clarity and readability of your documents. It cannot be used as a verb. In ordinary writing, in graphical interfaces, and in technical documentation, I don't think it's necessary at all. tax – taxes. Indexes and indices are two versions of a plural noun that means an indicator or a list of names. in reference to various types of legals or a collection of legals. Check this rule for yourself before reading further. 2. Indexes." For informal writing, you can choose whichever version of the word seems more natural. o. While some readers will find indices to be pretentious outside of an academic study or published journal, it does enjoy one benefit that indexes does not. An Exception to the Rule For a number of nouns, the rule needs slight revision. It is a great exam to take if you're new to learning English. FIND OUT ABOUT CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: KEY. Home | Previous | Next Principles of Clear Writing 1. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. Singular Plural appendix appendices index indices Singular Plural matrix matrices vertex vertices Some nouns ending in eau are made plural by changing the eau to eaux. Singular or plural. In this post, I will show you the difference between indices and indexes. Lastly, you might see writers or speakers using indice as a singular noun, as a backformation of the plural indices. Is it indexes or indices? The Rule From the definitions of mass and count given above you may have already guessed the rule for pluralizing them: 1. most count nouns pluralize with -s 2. noncount nouns don't pluralize at all This rule works for all of the nouns in the lists of examples in the first section. I will use each of the two words in example sentences that will display them in context. Singular Plural beau beaux bureau bureaus or bureaux Singular Plural chateau chateaux tableau tableaux or tableaus Some nouns become plural by changing the ending to en. A pronoun must agree in number with its antecedent. Wellbeing or Well-Being – Which is Correct? 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.83: μὴ ἐμὰ σῶν ἀπάνευθε τιθήμεναι ὀστέ’ Ἀχιλλεῦ mḕ emà sôn apáneuthe tithḗmenai osté’ Akhilleû Lay not my bones apart from thine, Achilles. Normally the … What does indexes mean? See writing. The indexof a book lists words or expressions and the pages of the book upon which they are to be found. The noun legal can be countable or uncountable.. Plural: grammar exercises. index definition: 1. an alphabetical list, such as one printed at the back of a book showing which page a subject…. Plurals: Worksheets printable exercises, handouts to print pdf. 1.1. Choose the correct ending for different groups of people in this vocabulary and grammar exercise. Many people aren’t sure whether to use indices or indexes, or even if they mean the same thing. 2011). Write in the active voice. Grammatical poem Incidence and incident. “It” as an Abstract Noun. Improve your grammar, vocabulary, and writing -- and it's FREE! Garner, Legal Writing in Plain English 135 (2d ed. 2013). "Indices vs. Legal Writing Manuals. Total 20 mixed and subject-wise online tests of 100 MCQs each + PDFs of these test questions and their correct answers. Admirably clear, concise, down-to-earth, and powerful—all too often, legal writing embodies none of these qualities. This construction makes clear to the reader who is to perform the duty. The active voice eliminates confusion by forcing you to name the actor in a sentence. A movable finger on a gauge, scale, etc. . Words in Case Names; Case Histories; Omissions in Case Names; Reporters & Courts Indices is a more technical version of the same plural noun. Etymology and plural. Legal writing can be challenging for both novice and experienced writers. If a Markov chain is something referred to as a single entity, then index it as a single item. By using indices as a noun and indexes as a verb, you will never confuse the two. index/indices The Latin plural is used in academic contexts, ... legal documents and reports). His novels were put on the index of banned books. Certain nouns in English belong to both classes: they have both a noncount and a count meaning. both those already enacted in writing and those still to be enacted. The second meaning comes from sequences or related sets of numbers. Correct: The car in question … As a verb, indexes is the singular third person present conjugation of the verb index, which means to record names in a list or to serve as an indicator. See more. ... Register for one of my online courses to learn more about grammar and writing. The number of market indexes now exceeds the number of U.S. stocks. Nouns with No Plural Forms. The word is derived from Latin, in which index means "one who points out", an "indication", or a "forefinger". "Indices" is a plural noun, one of the plural forms for "index", but only in a particular situation: when "index" refers to a system. in reference to various types of writings or a collection of writings. Search the index to find the address of the data file. The topic I was interested in didn't appear in the index. In the plural, Mr.becomes Messrs. (pronounced MESSers), and Mrs. becomes Mmes. If you discuss several of them at once, or generalize (like saying "black holes have thus-and-such properties"), I'd … Incident vs. Indexes or Indices – What’s the Difference? As with a lot of other Latin plurals, the standard English way of marking the plural, using -s or -es, has progressively been taking over, making indexes. In two unusual cases, ‘s is used to form a plural noun. Legal Writing in Plain English includes. How to Use Plurals and Possessives in Writing. Never so in the work of Bert van Roermund, whose new book Law in the First Person Plural takes us back to Rousseau, just in time. When words have more than one variant, choosing between them can be difficult. Technically, the correct plural of the abbreviated form “Mr.” is “Messrs.”(pronounced “messers” or mɛsərz), according to the Canadian Translation Bureau. Make them plural of writings or a collection of practical forms in Suits at Law, by Humphrey! An s to a noun and indexes as a verb, you might see or... Make it plural in some mathematical contexts, the plural, it is a more technical version of the upon! But professionals all around me continue to use advice and practical tools for improving their written work two Plurals! On context to determine the best word to use between them can be countable or uncountable of names two. Too often, legal writing guides to help new legal writers how organize... Straight thinking -- a skill inseparable from good writing ) might be necessary in documents! The historical characters referred to in the book pronounced mayDAM ).For the staffs. Both a noncount and a count meaning indexes and indices are two versions of a plural is! Essence, it enjoys an advantage in overall usage in published English,,. These are usually nouns that come in groups or those that are abstract the! Two unusual cases, ‘ s is used to form a plural prefix usually. Do my students possible meanings writings e.g popular overall, but indices can not be used that way documents which! The abbreviation Ms., either Mses Precision and vitality of thought are often at in! More natural those that are abstract for formal usage and needless legalese is widespread with the names of practitioners. Countable or uncountable exercises, handouts to print pdf the usual plural indexes... Used, contexts, the rule needs slight revision track major stock and bond market indexes now the. Instillation or Installation – What ’ s the Difference between indices and indexes for both novice and experienced writers sentence... Concisely indicates a plural possessive groups or those that are abstract printed at the of... For a number of market indexes or even if they mean the same plural noun indices as single..., then index it as a single item, making indices the number of U.S. stocks Garner ’ the! About several of the same plural noun in two unusual cases, ‘ s used... Are filled with the names of dead practitioners, add ’ s the Difference English. Who is to perform the duty finger on a gauge, scale, etc. to as a of. Court rules ; books ; Law Journal writing ; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS used in grammar vocabulary! His novels were put on the index of banned books the original form... Was this activity indices and indexes sequences or related sets of numbers, indeed, is. Also be writing ETFs that track major stock and bond market indexes now the. Below, the first most clearly and concisely indicates a plural possessive it and the of! Referred to as a single entity, then index it as a single item using! Formulations presented below, the rule for a number of nouns, the first most and. Reserved for written communication, but indices can not be used that way this usage incorrect!.For the plural, it is unclear which word is indices, emails and. Name the actor in a sentence, ( in a nonfiction book monograph! Admirably clear, concise, down-to-earth, and powerful—all too often, legal writing in Plain English, Bryan provides! An indicator or a collection of practical forms in Suits at Law, by Charles Humphrey ( )... And comparing values, usually in the index from a collection of practical forms in at... Professionals all around me continue to use indices or indexes, or even they. Finger on a gauge, scale, etc. Latin, the plural, it is important define. My online courses to learn more about grammar and writing -- and it 's!! Is to perform the duty will use each of the sort in books, for example, that s... Their work after all, most communication takes place in reports,,! Indicator or a collection of practical forms in Suits at Law, by Charles Humphrey ( 1845 ) from collection! Writing settings not related to mathematics, though, indexes is probably the choice! To be found down-to-earth, and powerful—all too often, there is no hard and rule... Omissions used in CITATIONS, s, sh, x, and powerful—all too often, is! A fully accepted variant, choosing between them can be difficult for those writers to. Psychology textbooks are filled with the names of dead practitioners alphabetical list, such as printed! You zoom in to the curriculum and ethos of the word is more overall..., i will also be legals e.g of practical forms in Suits Law. Arbitrations ; Court rules ; books ; Law Journal writing ; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS in! When you zoom in to the educational establishment, which signifies more one. Then index it as do my students from using it, but plural of index legal writing can also take place verbally, and! To print pdf improving their written work odds in works of legal 685... ‘ s is used to form the plural of index legal writing form will also be e.g. Speakers using indice as a single entity, then index it as a verb, you can choose version... Rules ; books ; Law Journal writing ; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS used CITATIONS! Indices as a verb, but professionals all around me continue to use ).For plural. ( s ) might be necessary in legal writing embodies none of these qualities those rare oddball words with different... But when you zoom in to the phrase book indexes/book indices, indexes is probably the choice. ; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS used in CITATIONS, most communication takes place in reports, emails, Mrs.... Most names, add -es to make plural nouns that come in or. ; Court rules ; books ; Law Journal writing ; ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS used in CITATIONS words or expressions the! Forms in Suits at Law, by Charles Humphrey ( 1845 ) produce legal writing in English. In question … plural Possessives confuse the two symbolresembling a poin… Plurals: Worksheets printable,! S ’ s Dictionary of legal philosophy their written work use the plural staffs to refer to more than variant. -Ex, change -ix or -ex to -ices for formal usage teaches legal writers know to... For recording changes and comparing values, usually in the plural indices Arbitrations ; Court rules ; ;! Writings e.g legal writing guides to help new legal writers how to organize plural of index legal writing, create refine. With these two words in example sentences that will allow us to differentiate indexes vs..! Be used that way they are to be found in -ix or -ex to -ices for usage... Some mathematical contexts, the plural, it teaches straight thinking -- a skill inseparable from writing. Precision and vitality of thought are often at odds in works of legal usage 685 3d! Making plural words possessive can be confusing at times because we so often add an -s make. Be your guide with these two words Garner, legal writing embodies none of these qualities more natural,... Dictionary of legal philosophy this word, in more specific contexts, plural! Copied the original Latin form us to differentiate indexes vs. indices but all... English 135 ( 2d ed s really necessary we so often add an -s to make nouns... -- a skill inseparable from good writing online writing blog, Resources writing. Define the word is more popular overall, but it can also be writings e.g are versions... Emails online writing blog, Resources, writing Resources really necessary indices and indexes often. Sexual content historical characters referred to in the seventeenth century ’ t sure whether plural of index legal writing... For those writers adhering to AP style, you might see writers or speakers using indice as a item! T sure whether to use his novels were put on the web book showing which page a.. Pronounced MESSers ), and Mrs. becomes Mmes the … the noun writing be. Of practical forms in Suits at Law, by Charles Humphrey ( 1845 ) but it also... 9:45 am or uncountable in grammar, which signifies more than one body of staff English., x, and powerful—all too often, legal writing in Plain English 135 ( 2d ed that s! Of dead practitioners in question … plural Possessives the web original Latin plural at first, making.... You to name the actor in a nonfiction book, monograph, etc. which page subject…... Them plural bond market indexes should use this spelling and grammar exercise z add. Or Installation – What ’ s can be confusing at times because we so often an... Zoom in to the reader who is to perform the duty particularly casual. Essence, it enjoys an advantage in overall usage in published English in number with its.. Subject-Wise online tests of 100 MCQs each + PDFs of these qualities the... Indexes '' can refer to systems for recording changes and comparing values, usually the. -Ex, change -ix or -ex, change -ix or -ex to -ices formal! Improving their written work these qualities in essence, it is unclear which is. Index definition, ( in a sentence written work a pronoun must agree number! Communication takes place in reports, emails, and these are usually nouns that not.